Cow's milk protein allergy is one of the allergies that affects infants and is often confused with lactose intolerance. Very little is known about CMPA, but there are certain aspects that we can distinguish in order to prevent our babies from getting sick or becoming ill for either of these two reasons.
First, let us distinguish it from lactose intolerance, which is the inability of the baby's stomach to digest the sugar present in milk, lactose. This intolerance does not involve the skin or the respiratory system. Neither does the immune system act because there is no allergy, only bloating, abdominal pain, flatulence or diarrhea.
Cow's milk protein allergy, on the other hand, generates a direct response of the immune system, which overreacts when exposed to any of the proteins present in cow's milk. This allergy normally affects 2-5% of infants under three years of age.
The skin, respiratory and digestive tract are affected by this allergy, causing symptoms such as:
Persistent colic, skin reactions, redness and itching, eczema or swelling of the lips, face and around the eyes, vomiting, abdominal pain or diarrhea and symptoms such as sneezing or itching, nasal obstruction or runny nose. Symptoms can vary from mild to more severe reactions. And irritability, difficulty falling asleep, persistent crying may be added.
How do you know if it is intolerance or allergy?
The baby needs to be tested, usually for allergic skin reactions that the pediatrician will request, such as the skin prick test.
It was positive, now what do we do?
If it is a nursing baby, the doctor will give the mother a strict diet that eliminates any product associated with cow's milk, including in some cases eggs, fish, soy and certain nuts. At least until the breastfeeding period ceases.
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If it is a formula-fed baby, the doctor will recommend other brands or dairy supplements so that the baby receives nutrients and continues to feed without allergies.
Watch closely to see if your baby is losing weight, if you see any changes in bowel movements, feeding or sleeping patterns, any delayed reactions to foods, and any changes in behavioral characteristics.
Do not hesitate to call your pediatrician if you notice any strange behavior or an unfavorable reaction to the new formula or imposed diet. Remember also that exclusive breastfeeding or breastfeeding on demand is the most recommended option to support the baby's immune system.
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