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Escritura sensorial. Aprendiendo a escribir por medio de los sentidos
04/06/2021 12:08:01
Blog para padres de Jyoko
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Desarrollo físico infantil
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Muchas veces, se vuelve un dolor de cabeza enseñar y educar a los pequeños, ya que se llega, en algunos momentos, a obligar al niño a hacer aquello que creemos que puede funcionar. Sin embargo, el cerebro del niño trabaja de otra forma, sobre todo en etapas tempranas. La escritura sensorial es una técnica inspirada en María Montessori y ayuda al niño a aprender las letras de una manera diferente y a su propio ritmo.
¿Por qué aprender las letras a través de los sentidos?
Es sabido por todos que la información de nuestro entorno la recibimos a través de los sentidos, ya que éstos elaboran percepciones que contribuyen en los procesos de conocimiento, los cuales son fundamentales tanto para el desarrollo de funciones cognitivas básicas (atención o memoria), como para las cognitivas superiores (resolución de problemas, lenguaje, creatividad y razonamiento). Por ejemplo, el niño, al palpar o manipular, transmite al cerebro características propias del objeto, que tienen que ver con la experiencia táctil, a través de las cuales logra comprenderlo y, a su vez, asimilarlo de una forma diferente a como lo haría, únicamente, a través de la vista. Cuando permitimos al niño manipular letras fuera del plano bidimensional, la información sensorial que experimenta le genera un aprendizaje mucho más significativo en comparación a tocar una letra impresa, que no transmite ninguna información táctil.
¿Cómo realizar esta técnica?
Según la metodología de María Montessori, se debe trabajar con diferentes texturas, que, al ser palpadas por el niño, le permitan experimentar sensaciones de reconocimiento en relación al objeto que está tocando. La idea es que el niño delinee la letra con los dedos índice y corazón. El uso de estos dedos se debe a que, en el futuro, serán de los que se servirá a la hora de sostener el lápiz. Además, al realizar esta acción, aprenderá los movimientos del trazo, reteniéndolos en su memoria y consiguiendo, así, fomentar la motivación para el aprendizaje.
Letras en lija
A continuación, tomando las letras en lija a modo de ejemplo, os explicaremos qué tipo de texturas podéis usar y cómo realizarlas con materiales caseros. ¡Comencemos!
Para llevar a cabo las letras en lija necesitarás los siguientes materiales:
- Cartulinas de dos colores diferentes: un color para las vocales y otro para las consonantes. Por ejemplo, cartulinas de color rosa para las consonantes y cartulinas de color azul para las vocales.
- Tijeras para recortar las cartulinas.
- Lija (si lo preferís, podéis reemplazar la lija por pegamento dorado)
Procedimiento
En primer lugar, debes dibujar las letras en la lija, y luego recortarlas. Después, hay que pegar las consonantes en una cartulina, por ejemplo, en la de color rosa, y las vocales en la otra, la de color azul.
A partir de esta idea, puedes hacer letras sensoriales con cualquier tipo de material que prefieras: puedes dibujar en una cartulina una letra y alrededor de ella pegar, por ejemplo, papel de colores, esponja, granos, lana, etc. Debes hacer la letra en una base lisa, sin ningún tipo de relieve, para que el niño, al palparla, pueda enfocarse sólo en la textura de la letra. Lo recomendable es iniciar con las letras minúsculas o cursivas, dependiendo, también, del gusto e interés.
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